Modern substation control and communication have revolutionized the ability to troubleshoot system faults and mis-operations. Event fault records and documenting every input and output provide ...

Electrica signature analysis (ESA) uses the magnetic field in the air gap of an electrical machine to evaluate power quality conditions. Dry and oil transofrmer types are subject to problems ...

There are myriad operational and safety challenges when loading a transformer near its end of life, from the impact of overload situations or network faults on aged assets to the increased system ...