Like many words in the English language, “network” and “protocol” have different meanings, depending on the context. In the context of digital communications, Merriam-Webster defines network as “a ...

What is a network protocol? Most textbook writers state something like this: A network protocol is a set of guidelines or standards for the operation of network devices, the methods of operation, and ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

Knowledge of the structure of Internet Protocol (IP) packets is a fundamental part of understanding the Internet and how information moves from one point to another. The benefits of such knowledge ...

In the previous two articles, I described the hardware and software required to build an IoT device. These devices (the “Things” in the Internet of Things) are an essential part of an IoT system.

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

In today's AI and high-performance computing (HPC) scenarios, we are increasingly aware of the limitations of traditional TCP ...

In networking and communications, the formats, codes and procedures for transmitting a unit of data (frame, packet) from one node to another. Known as a "layer 2 protocol," the data link protocol is ...

Not long after you begin to work in computing, the truth of Murphy’s Law — “What can go wrong, will” — becomes apparent. As you move on to networking, you realize the reality of Murphy’s Law of ...